School of Architecture

In this thesis, we addressed research questions regarding the foundations of collective housing design using 3D printing through two main research methods: systematic literature review, constructed samples, and simulations. Initially, around 1,000 articles were studied and reviewed, and after final refinement, the number of highly relevant articles reached 150. At this stage, we answered the initial research questions based on the frequency of the methods used in the articles.
In the second step, by systematically examining constructed samples, we sought answers to the research questions again. We investigated the research questions based on the responses provided thus far in constructed housing samples using 3D printing. In the third step, relevant sources were used to extract floor plans of single-story houses with various areas that could be built with a 3D printer. These were then modeled in Rhino software, and form conversion was executed. Each was simulated in Cura software to achieve design foundations and test hypotheses. After completing the simulations and placing the values in a table, we analyzed the data obtained from the simulations to reach conclusions.
In the fourth step, using the results and lessons from previous stages, we examined various configurations of collective housing and the degree of compatibility of each configuration with the type of printer system. When building collective housing using a 3D printer, a higher conformity of the gantry printer was observed for large-scale construction, leading us to investigate layouts related to gantry printers. Simultaneously, we examined samples that could be constructed with robotic arm systems or suspended cable printers. Ultimately, the results were presented in tables and text.
Subsequently, we presented the overall findings as a conceptual framework for the theoretical foundations of collective housing construction with 3D printing as a model. It is hoped that this framework will serve as a guide for designers in such collective housing projects. Finally, based on the previous stages, we designed and presented a matrix for initial suggestions and decision-making regarding collective housing construction with 3D printers. In this matrix, by selecting initial conditions and considering our primary priorities as the employer, we could identify other necessary aspects within the matrix. It’s worth noting that the operational aspect of this matrix was also designed and implemented through Grasshopper software and the Rhino software environment.
In the final section, we compared samples of housing constructed using traditional methods with those made by 3D printing, demonstrating the advantages of using 3D printing for constructing single-story rural housing.
Overall, this thesis examines the architectural design criteria for 3D-printed housing and residential complexes, highlighting the potential of this innovative technology to transform the construction industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of various design aspects such as structural integrity, material selection, sustainability, and aesthetics, this research provides valuable insights into key considerations architects and designers should keep in mind when creating 3D-printed housing structures. By combining existing knowledge with new design guidelines, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of 3D-printed housing as a durable and sustainable solution for future housing needs.