School of Architecture

Geographic information is a key element for our modern society. Put s- ply, it is information who’s spatial (and often temporal) location is fun- mental to its value, and this distinguishes it from many other types of data, and analysis. For sustainable development, climate change or more simply resource sharing and economic development, this information helps to - cilitate human activities and to foresee the impact of these activities in space as well as, inversely, the impact of space on our lives. The Inter- tional Symposium on Spatial Data Handing (SDH) is a primary research forum where questions related to spatial and temporal modelling and analysis, data integration, visual representation or semantics are raised. The first symposium commenced in 1984 in Zurich and has since been organised every two years under the umbrella of the International Geographical Union Commission on Geographical Information Science (http://www. igugis. org). This book is the proceedings of the 13 International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling. 
Dr. Seyedamir Mansouri, Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture at the University of Tehran, is the author of the chapter" Landscape: A Holistic Approach to Space" in the book "Headway in Spatial Data Handling" which was published by Springer Publishing in 2008.